Cómo la neuroeducación revoluciona la forma de enseñar y formar
¿Los profesionales del marketing y de los recursos humanos pueden aprender del mundo de la educación? Sí, ¡y mucho! El mundo de la educación está evolucionando para conseguir crear engagement, motivación de aprender, inteligencia colectiva, y al final enseñanza efectiva. Y como nos lo explica el espíritu revolucionario en este campo, Chema Lázaro (ganador del Premio Nacional de Educación en 2013, maestro y profesor universitario, co-fundador de NIUCO), muchos aprendizajes del mundo de la educación se pueden aplicar perfectamente también para un público adulto. Si estos métodos pueden hacer que tus hij@s tengan ganas de aprender geografía, imagínate lo que podrás hacer en tus eventos y experiencias de marca… ¡Toma nota!

Primero… ¿Qué es la neuroeducación?
Como nos explica Chema, la neuroeducación una disciplina transdisciplinar pues bebe de tres grandes disciplinas: del campo de las neurociencias (conocimiento del cerebro, desarrollo del cerebro, cómo funciona en este contexto de aprendizaje), la psicología (vinculada con el aprendizaje, principalmente factores de la psicología social) y la rama de la pedagogía. No es hoy una disciplina muy avanzada pero sus hallazgos son tremendamente relevantes y tienen mucho impacto. “Esto está haciendo que los educadores nos basemos en evidencias e intentemos trabajar sobre ellas y no sobre la opinión”. La ciencia permite mejorar las formas de hacer las cosas.
Pero… ¿la formación en niños y adultos es igual?
Estos expertos nos explican que el funcionamiento del cerebro es igual en ambos casos: los mecanismos de recompensa, la activación de la memoria, funcionan igual independientemente de la etapa de neurodesarrollo. “Lo único que ocurre es que los contextos en los que se formulan los aprendizajes cambian”, dice Chema. Por supuesto, un contexto escolar difiere de un contexto formativo en un evento, pero ¡existen muchos métodos que se pueden replicar!

El aprendizaje profundo y potente se da cuando hay un trabajo con otras personas

Hay que olvidar el tópico de “siempre se ha hecho así”.
¿Cuáles son los recursos más potentes para crear engagement?
Apunta: la gamificación y el storytelling, que se han hecho hueco en eventos profesionales, son recursos muy valiosos (y testeados) para generar engagement. “El juego concede siempre el valor del error y en un contexto cultural como el español donde el error es tan punitivo (en el aula y a nivel empresarial), es interesante enseñar la relevancia que tiene el error; es importante practicar a través del juego y ver el aprendizaje como un camino de consecución de errores hasta que uno acierta”, comentaba Chema.
También el uso de las narrativas es una manera de envolver, enganchar, de hacer significativas las cuestiones a aprender, “añadir elementos de un mundo fantástico, por ejemplo, que llamen su atención; los propios Youtubers que consumimos nos cuentan narrativas, historias que nos hacen empatizar, reflexionar, cuestionarnos aspectos vitales…”.
Un tercer recurso para crear engagement es la interacción social. “El aprendizaje profundo y potente se da cuando hay un trabajo con otras personas; el hecho de escuchar, de tener que explicar a otro, de enfrentar ideas, de tener que rebatir, volver a cambiar de opinión y volver a lanzar una nueva idea…es lo que consolida la inteligencia colectiva”
Generar misterio al estilo Netflix
Chema ha acuñado el término del “fenómeno Netflix” para referirse a un método que aplica en sus clases: “termino la clase recapitulando en una frase la materia que hemos dado ese día y avanzando lo que trataremos y lo que haremos en la próxima sesión.” Esta técnica del teaser crea un halo de misterio y expectación. Cuando arranca la siguiente clase los alumnos recuerdan las palabras de Chema y tienen ganas de comenzar lo planificado ese día. Como las series o pelis de Netflix cuando terminan dejando la información justa d

La personalización en la formación: no es posible una “talla única”
Nos preguntamos si es esencial. Y, sobre todo, si es posible adaptarse a diferentes estilos de aprendizaje, a diferentes personalidades… Chema considera esencial la personalización y apunta que es hacia dónde van a tender cada vez más los modelos educativos y empresariales. No olvidemos que las empresas están invirtiendo mucho en metodologías UX, en el service design, en definitiva, en mejorar la experiencia de los usuarios y personalizar los productos que se les propone.
“Ya estamos diseñando experiencias de aprendizaje dentro del aula, partiendo a través de un user story map o de un mapa de empatía de las necesidades de un grupo, diseñamos nuevas experiencias para los usuarios de la clase”.
Hay que olvidar el tópico de “siempre se ha hecho así”. No hay que dar nada por descontado porque lo que sirvió anteriormente no tiene por qué funcionar esta vez. En eventos, dicen, no es posible una “talla única”.
“Cuando te separas de la ´talla única` y confías en ´el poder del todavía` (un concepto de Carol Dweck que incita a la mentalidad del avance, sustituyendo el “no lo he conseguido” por un más optimista y luchador “todavía no lo he conseguido, pero voy a luchar”) comienza el espacio de oportunidad, de justicia social, de que las personas consigan dar lo mejor que tienen”.
La importancia de la medición de resultados
Quizás el sistema de asignación de notas al uso parece un poco arcaico, pero sin duda el hecho de trabajar anualmente con datos significa poder conocer el progreso de cada alumno. La enseñanza del futuro, en el aula, pero también en el ámbito empresarial, deberá basarse mucho más en datos. ¡Tu nuevo camino: la personalización en base a los datos!
“Pensar la tipología de actividades que estás realizando que vinculación tienen con los KPIs de aprendizaje formulados y poder así trackear mapas de calor de números de acierto por parte de los alumnos, cantidad de fallos…”. Ya hay muchas herramientas al alcance como Additio o las propias hojas de cálculo y, por suerte, cada vez más la tecnología permite monitorear y hacer una evaluación en dos niveles. Por un lado, al maestro/coach/formador le permite rediseñar la nueva experiencia en función de cómo han funcionado los objetivos trabajados. Por otro, el propio alumno o usuario se convierte en actor activo en su proceso hacia el conocimiento, al implicarlos en la mejora y compartir con ellos cómo va su aprendizaje.

Y unos últimos consejos rápidos…
Ser buen formador/conferenciante/coach y conseguir una formación de calidad para tu público requiere cierto sentido de misión y de propósito. No se trata de subir a un atril y soltar una chapa sino de pensar en aquellos que tienes delante: qué quieres conseguir PARA ellos, cómo crees que pueden mejorar como personas o profesionales. Incluso ejemplos personales vitales, de cambio o de transformación pueden resultar inspiradores al generar empatía en el otro.
En resumen, hablamos de maestros, de acompañantes en el proceso de aprendizaje que plantean preguntas muy personalizadas y dejan que el alumno, oyente o asistente crezca y evolucione por su propio camino.
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